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Selasa, 10 Mei 2011

Influential’sParenting Style to Adolescent’s Self Concepts: Self Esteem


Influential’sParenting Style to Adolescent’s Self Concepts: Self Esteem
 (Study at one of Senior High School in Depok 2009)
*Leo Ginting (1305000659), ** Lestari Sukmarini
* Researcher, student of Faculty of Nursing 2005. E-mail: leosiusginting_betterman@yahoo.com
**Researcher, (Medical Surgical Nursing Staff Faculty of Nursing- UI)

Abstract
Parenting style influences characteristic children. On behalf that statement, identifying relation parenting style with adolescent’s self-concept: self-esteem is purpose this research. This research utilized descriptive correlation design that consists of 95 adolescents from one of senior high school in Depok. Collecting data used questioner and was analyzed by Chi Square test with significance level is 0.1 and resulting p value is 0.004. It means there is relationship parenting style with adolescent’s self-concept: self-esteem. Adolescent who perceived authoritative parenting style reported have higher levels of self-concept: self-esteem than adolescents raised in authoritarian and permissive homes, so it is important to re-consider to using authoritarian and permissive parenting style because it makes lower adolescent’s self-concept: self-esteem.
Key words: adolescents, high self-concept: self-esteem, low self-concept: self-esteem, parenting style (authoritarian, permissive and authoritative).

Background
Adolescence is a period of growth and human development and it is very important in shaping the attitudes of characters in accordance with the concept itself in the future. As the smallest unit of society, family through educating parents strongly influence individual development in achieving the success or failure in the Association community-level(Friedman, 1998).
On the parenting style, adolescents are beginning to learn about the self-understanding, confidence and self-concept, since parents play a role in determining whether there is any possibility that the child is able to develop itself.
Results of the study in several countries shows that the important and crucial in a person's self-esteem development is in adolescence period (Tambunan, 2001). At this period, adolescents can recognize and develop all aspects of itself; physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social, that determine if they have a positive or negative effect of self-esteem. However, the self- concept or self-esteem is not directly established in adolescence, regardless of the previous stage of growth and development.
 However, you must have present that the concept of oneself or self-esteem is not directly at adolescence, regardless of the previous stage of growth and development
Self-development can influence self -concept: self-esteem in children. This can be seen in the AatSriati (2007) research results showing that training can improve adolescents develop self-esteem. Similarly, Scott's research (1939) in Santrock (2003), also states that in families where there is mutual trust and compatibility between parents and children will shape the children who hold more positive about themselves. These two results, the researcher wanted to find a more specific relationship of parent style and self-esteem as one form of self-concepts in adolescents. The research question is: is there a way to teach parents relationship with the formation of self-concept: self-esteem in adolescence, and how the relationship of each pattern of care towards the formation of self-concept: self-esteem in adolescence.

Purpose
General puspose this research is identifiying relation parenting style with adolesent’s self confept: self esteem, and specifict purposes are: 
·         Be identified respondent’s demography: age, sex, number of child, family statues, parent’s statues, religion and clan.
·         Be identified parenting style.
·         Be identified adolesent’s self concept: self esteem.
·         Be identified relation parenting style with adolesent’s self concept: self esteem.
·         Be identified the most efective of parenting style to adolescent’s high self-concept: self esteem

Hypothesis in this research :
H0 : There is no relation parenting style with adolescent’s self concept: self esteem.
H1 :  There is a relation parenting style with adolescent’s self concept: self esteem.

 Research Methodology and Design
This research use descriptive research design correlation, a cross sectional approach which it wanted to know the relationship of independent variables (parenting style for children) with the dependent variable (the formation of self-concept: self-esteem among adolescents in Depok), where demographic data as a moderator variable (the other variables are considered to affect the dependent variable, but do not have a major effect). Data analysis techniques were used Chi square analysis.

Respondent
Population as determined in this study is the early adolescence (at the beginning of adolescence), between the ages of 14-17 years for women and 15-17 for men located in Depok.This is because at the early age adolescence individuals are faced with the question of who they are and what the purpose of life, where things are highly influenced by the role of parents / family. Samples selected in this research are 95 students in one high school in Depok which have criteria: adolescent, aged 14-17 years for women and 15-17 for men, able to read and write, physically and spiritually healthy, living together with parents and are willing to become respondents in this study. Collecting data using instruments such as questionnaires. The questionnaire consists of three main parts: the demographic data related statement, the parenting styles, and the related statements of self-concept: self-esteem in adolescence.

Result
The results of this study were divided into three main sections, demographic data, parenting style and self-concept: self-esteem adolescents and analysis of relationship parenting style with the self-concept: self-esteem adolescents. Here is an explanation of each result:

1.        Demograpihc Data
Demographic data analyzed in this study consisted in: age, gender, number of children in the family, state civil, state paternity of a single or not, religion and ethnicity. The results of the analysis presented in the following table.




Table 1.1
Distribution of Respondent by Demografic Data in one of Senior High Scholl
InDepok 2009 (n = 95)
Variables
Frequency
Percentage
     Age
14
1
1,10%
15
24
25,30%
16
29
30,50%
17
33
34,70%
18
8
8,40%
       Sex
Man
30
31,60%
Woman
65
68,40%
Number Of Children In The Family
1
3
3,20%
2
26
27,30%
3
42
44,20%
4
14
14,70%
5
5
5,30%
> 5
5
5,30%
State Civil
Biological Child
92
96.8 %
Adopted Child
2
2.1 %
Etc.
1
1.1 %

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